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Alabama State Profile

Updated on 04 Apr 2007
Certified on 06 Aug 2007

A. General/State-At-A-Glance

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A1. What is your State's program administration/operation type (State administered/State operated, State administered/County operated, or a combination)? State-administered, County-Operated.
A2. How many local IV-D offices are in your State (excluding agencies with cooperative agreements)? Offices in 67 counties.
A3. With what types of agencies do you have cooperative agreements? District attorneys, private attorneys (not under cooperative agreement), and staff attorneys (depending on county).
A4. Does your state have statutes setting forth the attorney-client relationship between the state's attorney and the agency only? Yes
A4.1. If so, what is the statutory citation? Alabama Code 38-10-7.1
A4.2. Did your state have the State's Bar Counsel issue an opinion setting for the attorney-client relationship? No
A4.3. If so, please explain.  

B. UIFSA

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B1. What is the enactment date of your State's Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA)? 1/1/1998
B2. What is the effective date of your State's Act? 1/1/1998
B3. What is the statutory citation for your State's Act? Section 30-3A-101 through -906 Code of Alabama 1975.
For Additional Information - Click Here
B4. What version of UIFSA has your state implemented (i.e the 1996 or 2001 version)? 1996
B4.1. If your state has implemented the 2001 version, when was it implemented?  
B5. Optional comments regarding your State's UIFSA Act.  

C. Reciprocity

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C1. With what foreign countries does your State reciprocate? Australia, Czech Republic, Ireland, Slovak Republic, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland and the Canadian Provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut.
C1.1. Does your state exercise its option to receive FFP for enforcement of spousal-only orders for foreign reciprocating countries?  
C1.2. If yes, please explain.  
C2. Has your State established reciprocity with any tribal courts? No
C2.1. If yes, list the tribes and identify services provided, if less than full services.  

D. Age of Majority

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D1. What is the age of majority in your State? 19
D2. What is the statutory cite for the age of majority? Section 26-1-1, Code of Alabama 1975.
For Additional Information - Click Here
D3. If not addressed in the order, at what age is child support automatically terminated as a matter of State law? Qualify, if necessary. 19 years of age, unless child is emancipated prior to that time.
D4. Does the date of the order impact what law is applied? No
D4.1. If so, please explain.  
D5. Does child support end if the child leaves the household but does not emancipate? No
D5.1. Optional comments regarding emancipation.  
D6. Does your State allow support to be paid beyond the age of majority under any circumstances (e.g. the child is handicapped or in college)? Yes
D6.1. If so, please explain. Alabama law allows post-minority support to be paid in the case of handicapped children and for college expenses. The Title IV-D Agency does not assist in collecting post-minority support.
D7. Does your state automatically reduce current support owed for remaining children after one of the children in an order reaches the age of majority or other wise emancipates? No
D7.1. If yes, please describe the procedure.  

E. Statute of Limitations

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E1. What is your State's statute of limitations for collection of past due support? 20 years from the date the child support payment was due
E2. What is your State's statute of limitations for paternity establishment? 19 for purposes of child support. None for non-child support related paternity actions.
E3. Is dormancy revival/renewal possible? No
E3.1. Please explain the circumstances when possible, and the length of time possible.  

F. Support Details

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F1. What guideline type or method does your State use to calculate child support (e.g., Shared Income Model, Percentage of Income Model, Melson Formula)? Shared Income Model.
F2. Does your State charge interest on missed arrears? Yes
F2.1. If yes, please indicate the amount of interest charged and any related conditions. 12% per annum
F3. Does your State charge interest on retroactive support? Yes
F3.1. If yes, please indicate the amount of interest charged and any related conditions. 12% per annum is the statutory rate.
F4. Does your State charge interest on adjudicated arrears? Yes
F4.1. If yes, please indicate the amount of interest charged and any related conditions. 12% per annum is the statutory rate.
F5. Will your State enforce a medical debt for 50% of the uninsured portion of a medical bill? Yes
F5.1. If so, under what circumstances? If proof of expense is provided. Note: Alabama statute(Code of Alabama 1975, Section 26-17-14(a))requires a finding of child support on "medical support only" cases. That finding may be equal to $0 in child support when the custodial parent in another state has not requested full services, and the state is filing a two-state action for medical support only based on an active Family Medicaid case.
F6. Have you elected to recover costs or charge fees in your State Plan? No
F6.1. If yes, what costs are recovered from/fees charged to the obligee?  
F6.2. What costs are recovered from/fees charged to the obligor?  
F7. Does your State recover costs on behalf of the initiating State? No
F7.1. Optional comments regarding recovering of initiating State's fees.  
F8. Please provide a citation for your State's long-arm statute to establish and/or enforce child support. Rules 4 through 4.4 of the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure
For Additional Information - Click Here
F9. Does your State establish, enforce, or modify spousal maintenance orders? No
F9.1. If yes, under what circumstances?  
F10. Does your State require the initiating State to include information about the new spouse or partner upon a request for establishment or modification (See General Testimony, See AT 05-03)? No
F10.1. Optional comments regarding required information on spouse or partner.  

G. Income Withholding

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G1. What term(s) does your State use to refer to income withholding (e.g., wage withholding)? IWO - Income Withholding Order.
G2. What specific source of income is not subject to withholding? Military disability, SSI, TANF.
For Additional Information - No Link Provided
G3. Does your State have any limits on income withholding in addition to the Consumer Credit Protection Act (CCPA) limits? No
G3.1. If yes, what are those limits? The maximum amount that can be deducted from an NCP's disposable income for child support is: (a) 50% percent if the NCP supports a second family and is behind 12 weeks or less in his/her child support obligation; (b)55% percent if the NCP supports a second family and is more than 12 weeks behind in his/her child support obligation; (c) 60% percent if the NCP does not support a second family and is behind 12 weeks or less in his/her child support obligation; or (d) 65% percent if the NCP does not support a second family and is more than 12 weeks behind in his/her child support obligation.
G4. What is the allowable fee per pay period for processing income withholding payments? $2.00
G5. After receiving an income withholding order or notice, what is the date by which the employer is required to implement income withholding? Within 7 working days of the date the NCP is paid.
G6. What is the date by which an employer must remit amounts withheld from an employee's pay? Within 7 working days of the date the NCP is paid.
G7. What are your State's procedures for sanctioning employers for not implementing income withholding? Contempt Action.
G8. What is the penalty to an employer for failure to remit payments withheld? Penalty is set by the court.
G9. Does your State allow direct income withholding of unemployment insurance benefits across State lines? Yes
G9.1. Optional comments regarding direct withholding of UI benefits across State lines. If sent through the IV-D agency.
G10. Does your State allow direct income withholding of workers' compensation benefits across State lines? Yes
G10.1. Optional comments regarding direct withholding of WC benefits across State lines.  
G11. How does an obligor contest income withholding in your State? Court action
G12. When the obligor has more than one claim for child support against his/her income, indicate your State's priority scheme for income withholding orders (e.g., employer should allocate available amount for withholding equally among all orders or prorate available amount across orders). The State IV-D agency allocates all payments, regardless of whether there is an IWO in place.
G12.1. If an employer in your State receives more than one income withholding order for child support from other States, can the employer request your assistance? Yes
G12.2. If assistance is not available, explain how employers should proceed. Please provide a citation for the State law that governs how they should proceed. Employers notify the State IV-D agency if the obligor does not earn sufficient wages to withhold all current support. The IV-D agency policy is to refer the case back to the courts for judicial determination.
For Additional Information - No Link Provided
G13. Does your state require any mandatory deductions, such as union dues, medical insurance premiums, etc., to arrive at net pay from gross pay when calculating disposable income for child support purposes? No
G14. When does your state require the employer to send notice of an employee's termination?  
G15. How long should an employer retain the IWO after termination of an employee, in anticipation of reinstating the withholding should the employee be rehired?  
G16. Does the State charge any fee to the obligor that the employer is required to withhold and remit to the State?  
G17. Does your State offer an alternate web-based payment mechanism in addition to paper and EFT/EDI?  
G18. Can a direct income withholding be sent to any of the following in your State: employer, financial institution (explain what institutions), Bureau of Workers Compensation, or other income payer? Direct income withholding orders can be sent to employers and Worker's Compensation.
G19. If there is insufficient income for an employer to withhold for both the total amount of child support and medical support, describe your State's prioritization between child support and medical support.  

H. Paternity

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H1. When your State enters an order establishing paternity, are issues of custody and visitation also addressed? No
H1.1. If yes, please explain.  
H2. What is the percentage of probability for genetic testing that creates a rebuttable or conclusive presumption of paternity? 97%
H3. Optional comments regarding paternity acknowledgment conclusive legislation. Rebuttable Presumption-Paternity Acknowledgements are not a conclusive presumption but a rebuttable presumption.
H4. What is the effective date of the State law that makes paternity acknowledgments conclusive?  
H4.1. Were acknowledgments prior to that effective date rebuttable? Yes
H4.2. Optional comments regarding paternity acknowledgments prior to that date.  
H5. Does marriage constitute a rebuttable presumption of paternity? Yes
H5.1. How is the presumption rebutted? By clear and convincing evidence.
H6. If the father's name is on the birth certificate and paternity has not been established by any other means does this mean that paternity is conclusively determined? No
H6.1. If not, briefly explain. Signature on affidavit of paternity creates a legal finding of paternity; otherwise, court action is necessary to establish paternity
H7. Does your State have any other paternity-related presumptions? Yes
H7.1. If yes, briefly explain. Attempted marriage before, during or 300 days following the child's birth; if after child's birth marriage or attempted marriage when father has either acknowledged paternity in writing and filed document with appropriate court or Bureau of Vital Statistics; with his consent he is named as father on child's birth certificate; been obligated to support child via a written voluntary promise or court order; received child into his home or openly holds the child as his natural child; or acknowledged his paternity of the child in a writing filed in accordance with provisions of the legitimization statute; signed affidavit of paternity.
H8. Does your State have a putative fathers' registry? Yes
H8.1. If so, what is the name of that entity? Putative Father Registry
H9. Are there any fees for requesting searches, paternity documents, and data from your State Bureau of Vital Statistics? Yes
H9.1. Please describe any circumstances under which these fees may be waived. None.
H10. Is common law marriage recognized in your State? Yes
H10.1. If yes, briefly describe the standard that defines common law marriage. Must be an actual and mutual agreement to enter into matrimonial relationship; must be permanent and exclusive of all others; must be followed by public recognition of existence of common law marriage or alternatively, consummate marriage by cohabitation as husband and wife or, by mutually assuming openly marital duties and obligations; parties must have capacity to marry.
H10.2. When did your current common law standard go into effect? 1975
H10.3. If there was a common law standard in effect prior to your current standard, what was that standard and when did it go into effect?  
H11. When the custodial parent and/or other witnesses are not able to appear in person for paternity hearings, what methods of testimony are acceptable (e.g., written, videotape, teleconferencing) Method of testimony is determined by the court.
H12. Please give the cite for your State's long arm statute and list any special provisions. Rules 4 through 4.4 of the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure.
For Additional Information - Click Here
H13. Does your State recover genetic testing costs for other States? Yes
H13.1. If so, please explain. As requested
H14. Are there any other documents that are required to get the father's name on the birth certificate (e.g. is an acknowledgement of paternity needed)? Acknowledgement of Paternity- The father's name on the birth certificate does not, in and of itself, create a presumption of paternity.
H15. What is the effective date of the State law that makes a father's name on the birth certificate a conclusive determination of paternity?  
H16. If there is more than one child with the same custodial parent, and the same alleged father, should one set of documents be sent to your state (with a paternity affidavit for each child) or should a separate packet be sent for each child?  

I. Support Order Establishment

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I1. Does your State use an administrative or a judicial process to establish a support obligation? Judicial.
I1.1. If your State can establish under both, under what circumstances would the administrative process be used?  
I1.2. Under what circumstances would the judicial process be used?  
I1.3. If your State uses an administrative process, provide the statutory citations for your State's administrative procedures.  
For Additional Information - No Link Provided
I2. In setting support under your State's guidelines, whose income is considered in addition to the NCP (e.g., new spouse's or child's) The custodial parent's income.
I3. What criteria for rebutting your presumptive guidelines have been established in your State? A written finding on the record based on evidence that the application of the guidelines would be unjust or inappropriate, agreement establishing a different amount and stating the reasons therefore, reviewed and approved by the court.
I4. Will your State establish support orders for prior periods? Yes
I4.1. If so, for what prior periods (e.g., birth of the child, date of separation, prenatal expenses, 5 years retroactive)? If it is a paternity action, two years prior to filing of paternity action or back to the birth of the child if the child is less than two years old when action is commenced. If the legal duty to support already exists but there has not been a support order, back to the date the duty to support commenced.
I4.2. What information or documentation does your State require to proceed? Income information for guidelines.
I4.3. Will your State allow a petition for support when the only issue is retroactive support? Yes
I4.4. If there are limitations upon your State's ability to establish support for prior periods, please specify. Addressed in I4.1 above.
I5. What actions can your State perform using the administrative process? Does your State use an administrative process for paternity, establishment, modification and the enforcement of child support? Administrative process for paternity establishment(paternity acknowledgement) and for collection.
I6. What is your State's statutory authority for the administrative process? Alabama Code 26-17-22, 30-3-171 through 179, 30-3-191 through 194, 30-3-197 through 198.
For Additional Information - No Link Provided
I7. Is there a local State law that allows the interstate administrative subpoena? No
I8. Does your State require that a custodial person (who is not one of the biological parents) to have legal custody of a child before establishing an order for support for that child when public assistance is being expended? No
I9. Does your State require that a custodial person (who is not one of the biological parents) to have legal custody of a child before establishing an order for support for that child when public assistance is/or is not being expended? No
I10. Does your State require that a custodial person (who is not one of the biological parents) to have legal custody of a child before enforcing an order for support that was issued as the biological parents as the parties for non public assistance cases? Yes
I11. When your state has issued an order that reserves support, and now child support should be ordered, should the other state request an establishment or a modification action?  

J. Support Enforcement

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J1. Indicate whether your state has the following enforcement remedies available. Also indicate what procedures are available (i.e, judicial, administrative, or both?  
J1.1. Are your State income tax refund procedures judicial, administrative, or both? Administrative.
J2. Is the lien process in your State judicial, administrative or both? Administrative and judicial.
J2.1. What are the trigger criteria for filing a lien? $1,500 arrearage,income withholding not possible, or NCP has or is likely to acquire property.
J2.2. Where is your State liens filed? Administrative: County, Judge of Probate's Office-where real property is located County, Secretary of State-personal property. In records where Uniform Commercial Code financing statements are filed Judicial: County, Judge Probate's Office-where property located.
J2.3. Does your State charge a fee for filing a lien? Yes
J2.4. If so, please indicate the amount. Varies
J.3. Does your State enforce property seizure and sale? Yes
J3.1. Are the property seizure and sale procedures judicial, administrative, or both? Both
J4. Are the MSFIDM Freeze and Seize procedures in your State judicial, administrative, or both? Administrative
J4.1. When must a non-custodial parent (NCP) receive notice that a MSFIDM Freeze and Seize action is an enforcement remedy and may be used by the State to collect deliquent child support? Delinquent
J4.2. Does your State's income withholding definition include amounts in financial institutions? No
J4.3. Does a new notice have to be sent when intent to Freeze and Seize is sent? No
J4.3.1 If so, who notifies the NCP, the State or Financial Institution?  
J5. What are the time frames if a new notice of intent to Freeze and Seize must be sent? N/A
J5.1. What are the criteria that must be met to deem an obligor eligible for Freeze and Seize action in your state? $1,000 minimum delinquency. Three month delinquency. No accounts exempted.
J5.2. What is the minimum dollar amount that the obligor must be delinquent prior to becoming eligible for asset seizure?  
J5.3. Is there a specified amount of time for the obligor to be delinquent prior to proceeding with Freeze and Seize? 21 days
J5.3. 1. If yes, please provide the time frame.  
J5.4. Are only a certain percentage of the obligor's financial assets eligible for Freeze and Seize?  
J5.4.1. If yes, please provide the percentage.  
J5.4.2 . Is the percentage different for joint accounts?  
J5.4.3. If yes, please provide the amount.  
J5.5. Does your state require that a minimum amount of money must be in a financial account for the funds to be eligible for Freeze and Seize action? If so please provide the amount.  
J5.6. Who is responsible for applying the minimum amount, your State or the Financial Institution?  
J5.7. How long does the obligor and/or account holders have to contact your State child support enforcement and/or court to challenge the Freeze and Seize action?  
J5.8. If State law and/or policy allows for a second contest to Freeze and Seize action, how long does the obligor and/or joint account holder have to contact your state child support agency or court to challenge the Freeze and Seize action?  
J5.9. On what basis can an obligor and/or other account holder challenge/contest a freeze and seize action?  
J5.10. Is your State's complaint review process judicial, administrative or both? Administrative
J5.11. What are your State's penalties for incorrect seizures? None
J5.12. Is the second challenge administrative, judicial or both?  
J5.13. What are your State's appeal time frame, unique appeal requirements and recourse for non-debtor accounts? 15 days from receipt of notice. No unique requirements. Recourse fo non-debtor to be determined.
J5.14. Is the Freeze and Seize operation in your state centralized or automated? Centralized. In process of being automated.
J5.15. Are there additional Freeze and Seize requirements or limitations not otherwise noted in this profile? No
J5.16. Has your state established a minimum benefit amount that must be met for a financial institution to proceed with the Freeze and Seize action?  
J5.16.1. If yes, what is the amount?  
J5.17. Does your state have procedures in place to liquidate non-liquid assets (e.g., stocks, bonds, etc)?  
J5.17.1 If yes, please provide the state authority and the procedures Financial Institutions should follow to liquidate non-liquid assets.  
J5.18. Does your state law/policy instruct the Financial Institution or state to hold the frozen assets during the challenge/appeal time frame and/or freeze period? Yes
J5.19. How long does the Financial Institution have to send the obligor's assets to your state child support enforcement agency?  
J5.19.1 . If yes, please define.  
J6. Does your state withhold state funds or benefits? Yes
J6.1. If yes, is the method of withholding state benefits judicial, administrative, or both? Administrative and judicial.
J7. Please describe any other administrative enforcement procedures your state may have. Passport denial
J8. Please describe any other judicial enforcement procedures your state may have. Contempt
J9. If your state has established specific procedures for registering administrative liens, what are the procedures that another state must follow? Alabama Procedures Code Rules 660-3-17-.01 through 660-3-17-.07
For Additional Information - Click Here
J10. Which of our state's enforcement remedies are available without registration? None.
J11. Describe your state's registration and enforcement procedures. Same as required by UIFSA model legislation.
J12. After registration, describe additional judicial procedures required, if any, to enforce a support order. Judicial process is not required if administrative procedures of enforcement are available.
J13. Has your state adopted the Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act (UEFJA)? Yes
J13.1. If yes, please provide the statutory citation. Section 6-9-230 through 6-9-238 Code of Alabama 1975.
For Additional Information - Click Here
J14. Does your state's law require financial institutions doing business in your state to accept Freeze and Seize actions directly from other states? No
J14.1. If no, describe the process for a Freeze and Seize action from another state's IV-D agency (e.g., Transmittal #3, Transmittal #1, and list additional documentation required).  
J15. Does your state use credit bureau reporting as an enforcement method? Yes
J16. Provide which credit bureaus your state report an obligor's child support information? Equifax, Experian, TransUnion, Innovis
J17. Is the method for credit bureau reporting judicial, administrative or both? This is an automated process through our system.
J18. In an interstate case, does your state report an obligor's child support information to credit bureaus when it is the initiating state, the responding state, or both?  
J19. What are your state's criteria for reporting an obligor's child support information to credit bureaus? The criteria for submission is as follows: Arrears >$1000 No good cause claim on the case Address has been verified NCP must have received a bill Have a qualifying case Be a IV-D case

K. Modification and Review/Adjustment

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K1. With what frequency are reviews conducted in IV-D cases (e.g., every year, every three years)? Three years.
K2. On what basis are the reviews conducted (e.g., on request of the CP, NCP in non-TANF cases, automatically in TANF cases)? At the request of either party when the order has not been judicially reviewed or modified within three years, unless undue hardship would result from inaction, and one of the parties alleges a substantial change in circumstances; medical support has not been ordered. TANF reviews are every three years.
K3. Briefly describe your State's modification procedure. Petitions filed by agency upon request of either the client or an agency determination that action is appropriate following review of order.
K4. What are your criteria for modification (e.g., $50 or 20% from present order)? At least 10% change from current order.
K5. Which of the following criteria for demonstrating a change in circumstances apply, if any?  
K5.1. The earnings of the obligor have substantially increased or decreased. Yes
K5.2. The earnings of the obligee have substantially increased or decreased. Yes
K5.3. The needs of a party or the child(ren) have substantially increased or decreased. Yes
K5.4. The cost of living as measured by the Federal Bureau of Vital Statistics has changed. No
K5.5. The child(ren) have extraordinary medical expenses not covered by insurance. Yes
K5.6. There has been a substantial change in child care expenses. Yes
K5.7. What other criteria does your state use for demonstrating a change in circumstances or comments regarding change of circumstances?  
K6. Does your State have cost of living adjustments (COLAs)? No
K6.1. If so, what index does your State use?  
K7. How does your state credit SSA disability to current and past due support? Benefits in excess of the child support obligation paid to a child when the NCP is disabled are in lieu of child support and satisfieds the child support obligation for the time period that the payments represent. However, if the SSA payments are greater than the child support payments would have been for the same period, the excess may not be applied against an arrearage that accrued prior to the time of disability.
K8. Does your state abate support? For example, when the child is not living with the custodial parent for more than 30 days and there has not been a change in custody, or when the noncustodial parent is in prison, etc. No
K8.1. If so, please explain the situation? *No administrative abatement. Court action is required to abate or suspend child support.
K8.2. What is the statutory cite for your abatement law? Case Law
For Additional Information - No Link Provided
K8.3. What documents are required for each type of referral other than UIFSA referrals? For example, pay records and certifications for TANF, etc.  
K8.4. Please provide information to obtain copies of paternity acknowledgements/affidavits and birth records, including where to make requests and the cost of processing the requests. Department of Public Health Center for Health Statistics 201 Monroe Street RSA Tower Montgomery, Alabama 36130 (334) 206-5426
K9. What information is required to register an out-of-state order for enforcement/modification?  

L. Lump Sum Payments

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L1. Does your state define a lump sum payment? No
L1.1 If yes, please provide your state's definition. (Be specific, i.e., severance pay, incentives, relocation lump sum payments, ect)?  
L1.2 Provide the statutory citation.  
For Additional Information - No Link Provided
L2. Does your state law require employers to report lump sum payments? No
L2.1 If yes, please provide the statutory citation or rule requiring employers to report this information.  
L3. Are employers required to report lump sums for all income withholding orders (including cases with no arrears)? No
L3.1 If yes, what is the threshold amount at which a lump sum payment must be reported?  
L4. How are employers instructed to report a pending lump sum?  
L5. Provide the timeframe within which the child support enforcement agency must respond to the employer with instructions for attaching the lump sum.  
L6. How long must the employer hold the lump sum before releasing the payment to the custodial parent?  
L7. Does your state use the income withholding order to attach the lump sum payment? No
L7.1 If yes, is it noted on the original order or is it sent specifically to cover the lump sum?  
L8. Does your state use the lien/levy process to attach the lump sum payment?  
L8.1 If yes, what is the name of the document your state uses to attach lump sum payment?  
L9. What other documents does your state use to attach lump sum payments?  
L10. Does your state require the consumer Credit Protection Act (CCPA) limits to be applied to lump sum payments?  
L10.1 If yes, what are those limits?  
For Additional Information - No Link Provided
L10.2 If no, what percentage is the employer required to withhold?  
L11 If an employer pays the lump sum in addition to regular wages, in a single payment, would the CCPA limits apply?  
L11.1 If yes, would the employer only withhold for that period's obligation?  
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